(English_(India)_MFA_dictionary_v3_1_0)=
# English (India) MFA dictionary v3.1.0

``````{dictionary} English (India) MFA dictionary v3.1.0
:id: "English (India) MFA dictionary v3_1_0"
:tags: English;MFA;IPA
:language: "English"
:dialect: India
:layout: mfa
:template: dictionary_template
:phoneset: "MFA"
:license: "CC BY 4.0"

   ```{include} ../../../../dictionary/english/india_mfa/v3.1.0/README.md
    :start-after: "## Dictionary details"
    :end-before: "## Installation"
   ```



``````

```{include} ../../../../dictionary/english/india_mfa/v3.1.0/README.md
:start-after: "new)."
```

## IPA Charts

### Consonants

Obstruent symbols to the left of {fas}`circle;ipa-dot` are unvoiced and those to the right are voiced.

``````{list-table}
:header-rows: 1
:stub-columns: 1
:class: consonant_chart table-striped table-bordered

* - Manner
  - Labial
  - Labiodental
  - Dental
  - Alveolar
  - Alveopalatal
  - Retroflex
  - Palatal
  - Velar
  - Glottal
* - {manner}`Nasal`
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * other
      * m
        * Occurrences: 6175
        * Examples
          * simum: [s ɪ m ə m]
          * mater: [m eː ʈ ə ɾ]
          * cham: [k a m]
          * melon: [m ɛ l ə n]
      * mʲ
        * Occurrences: 1241
        * Examples
          * sami: [s ɑː mʲ i]
          * limit: [ʎ ɪ mʲ ɪ ʈ]
          * mixed: [mʲ ɪ k s]
          * mir: [mʲ ɪ ə]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * other
      * ɱ
        * Occurrences: 3
        * Examples
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * other
      * n
        * Occurrences: 14058
        * Examples
          * don: [ɖ ɒ n]
          * tin: [ʈ ɪ n]
          * gwin: [ɟʷ ɪ n]
          * once: [ʋ ə n ʈ s]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * other
      * ɲ
        * Occurrences: 2150
        * Examples
          * coney: [k ə ɲ i]
          * needs: [ɲ iː ɖ dʒ]
          * lenny: [l ɛ ɲ i]
          * niger: [ɲ iː ʒ ɛː ɾ]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * other
      * ŋ
        * Occurrences: 2325
        * Examples
          * song: [s a ŋ]
          * franc: [f ɹ a ŋ k]
          * lanka: [l a ŋ k ə]
          * angus: [a ŋ ɡ ə s]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
* - {manner}`Stop`
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * voiceless
      * p
        * Occurrences: 5980
        * Examples
          * prism: [p ɹ ɪ z ə m]
          * price: [p ɾ aj s]
          * paint: [p eː n]
          * piano: [p i ɑː n oː]
      * pʲ
        * Occurrences: 166
        * Examples
          * guppy: [ɡ ə pʲ i]
          * puppy: [p ə pʲ i]
          * puget: [pʲ ʉː dʒ ɪ ʈ]
          * poppy: [p ɒ pʲ i]
      * pʷ
        * Occurrences: 2
        * Examples
    * voiced
      * b
        * Occurrences: 3810
        * Examples
          * rebel: [ɾ ɛ b ə l]
          * stabs: [s ʈ a b z]
          * baer: [b ɛː]
          * boil: [b ɔj l]
      * bʲ
        * Occurrences: 721
        * Examples
          * baby: [b eː bʲ i]
          * began: [bʲ ɪ ɡ a n]
          * built: [bʲ ɪ l ʈ]
          * rugby: [ɾ ə ɟ bʲ i]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * voiceless
      * t̪
        * Occurrences: 795
        * Examples
          * thor: [t̪ ɒː]
          * thad: [t̪ a ɖ]
          * path: [p ɑː t̪]
          * fifth: [fʲ ɪ t̪]
    * voiced
      * d̪
        * Occurrences: 291
        * Examples
          * birth: [b ɜː d̪]
          * meath: [mʲ iː d̪]
          * this: [d̪ ɪ s]
          * with: [ʋ ɪ d̪]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * voiceless
      * ʈ
        * Occurrences: 11037
        * Examples
          * skirt: [s k ɜː ʈ]
          * trees: [ʈ ɾ iː z]
          * trial: [ʈ ɾ aj ə l]
          * turn: [ʈ ɜː n]
      * ʈʲ
        * Occurrences: 3152
        * Examples
          * cited: [s aj ʈʲ ɪ ɖ]
          * dante: [ɖ a n ʈʲ i]
          * utica: [j ʉː ʈʲ ɪ k ə]
          * empty: [ɛ m p ʈʲ i]
      * ʈʷ
        * Occurrences: 30
        * Examples
          * twist: [ʈʷ ɪ s ʈ]
          * tweed: [ʈʷ iː ɖ]
          * twin: [ʈʷ ɪ n]
          * twig: [ʈʷ ɪ ɡ]
    * voiced
      * ɖ
        * Occurrences: 9192
        * Examples
          * lords: [l ɒː ɖ z]
          * woods: [ʋ ʊ ɖ z]
          * amid: [ə mʲ ɪ ɖ]
          * arid: [a ɾ ɪ ɖ]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * voiceless
      * c
        * Occurrences: 2045
        * Examples
          * clad: [c ʎ a ɖ]
          * crate: [c ɹ eː ʈ]
          * creek: [c ɹ iː k]
          * cale: [c eː l]
      * cʷ
        * Occurrences: 119
        * Examples
          * quick: [cʷ ɪ k]
          * query: [cʷ ɪ ɾ i]
          * quit: [cʷ ɪ ʈ]
          * quine: [cʷ ɪ n]
    * voiced
      * ɟ
        * Occurrences: 615
        * Examples
          * igloo: [ɪ ɟ ʎ ʉː]
          * begin: [b ə ɟ ɪ n]
          * gig: [ɟ ɪ ɡ]
          * grate: [ɟ ɹ eː ʈ]
      * ɟʷ
        * Occurrences: 24
        * Examples
          * guido: [ɟʷ iː ɖ oː]
          * gwen: [ɟʷ ɛ n]
          * gwin: [ɟʷ ɪ n]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * voiceless
      * k
        * Occurrences: 7875
        * Examples
          * can: [k ə n]
          * punk: [p ə ŋ k]
          * cask: [k ɑː s k]
          * carlo: [k ɑː l oː]
      * kʷ
        * Occurrences: 176
        * Examples
          * quiet: [kʷ aj ɪ ʈ]
          * quasi: [kʷ ɑ s i]
          * fuqua: [f ə kʷ ə]
          * quan: [kʷ ɒ n]
    * voiced
      * ɡ
        * Occurrences: 2053
        * Examples
          * gooch: [ɡ ʉː tʃ]
          * going: [ɡ oː ɪ ŋ]
          * whig: [ʋ ɪ ɡ]
          * galen: [ɡ eː l ə n]
      * ɡʷ
        * Occurrences: 19
        * Examples
          * guo: [ɡʷ oː]
          * guang: [ɡʷ ɑː ŋ]
          * guam: [ɡʷ ɑː m]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * voiceless
      * ʔ
        * Occurrences: 2
        * Examples
          * often: [ɒː f ʔ ə n]
    ```
* - {manner}`Affricate`
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * voiceless
      * tʃ
        * Occurrences: 1373
        * Examples
          * cheat: [tʃ iː ʈ]
          * cha: [tʃ ɑː]
          * gulch: [ɡ ə l tʃ]
          * cham: [tʃ a m]
    * voiced
      * dʒ
        * Occurrences: 2623
        * Examples
          * hinge: [ç ɪ n dʒ]
          * image: [ɪ mʲ ɪ dʒ]
          * aged: [eː dʒ ɖ]
          * jaw: [dʒ ɒː]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
* - {manner}`Sibilant`
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * voiceless
      * s
        * Occurrences: 12917
        * Examples
          * sand: [s a n]
          * place: [p l eː s]
          * plus: [p l ə s]
          * heist: [h aj s ʈ]
    * voiced
      * z
        * Occurrences: 6332
        * Examples
          * rows: [ɾ oː z]
          * ism: [ɪ z ə m]
          * poles: [p oː l z]
          * aslan: [a z l ə n]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * voiceless
      * ʃ
        * Occurrences: 2717
        * Examples
          * shri: [ʃ ɹ iː]
          * ashby: [a ʃ bʲ i]
          * fish: [fʲ ɪ ʃ]
          * share: [ʃ ɛː]
    * voiced
      * ʒ
        * Occurrences: 174
        * Examples
          * azure: [a ʒ ə]
          * hajj: [h ɑ ʒ]
          * asian: [eː ʒ ə n]
          * niger: [ɲ iː ʒ ɛː]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
* - {manner}`Fricative`
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * voiceless
      * f
        * Occurrences: 2768
        * Examples
          * franc: [f ɹ a ŋ k]
          * fuzzy: [f ə z i]
          * chief: [tʃ iː f]
          * shaft: [ʃ ɑː f ʈ]
      * fʲ
        * Occurrences: 811
        * Examples
          * fever: [fʲ iː ʋ ə]
          * finch: [fʲ ɪ n tʃ]
          * feud: [fʲ ʉː ɖ]
          * fiji: [fʲ iː dʒ iː]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * voiceless
      * ç
        * Occurrences: 323
        * Examples
          * haig: [ç eː ɡ]
          * hail: [ç eː l]
          * hayes: [ç eː z]
          * hit: [ç ɪ ʈ]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * voiceless
      * h
        * Occurrences: 1327
        * Examples
          * hurt: [h ɜː ʈ]
          * half: [h aː f]
          * hoped: [h oː p ʈ]
          * house: [h aw s]
    ```
* - {manner}`Approximant`
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * other
      * w
        * Occurrences: 4
        * Examples
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * other
      * ʋ
        * Occurrences: 4455
        * Examples
          * valor: [ʋ eː l ə]
          * grave: [ɟ ɹ eː ʋ]
          * wound: [ʋ aw n ɖ]
          * wars: [ʋ aː z]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * other
      * ɹ
        * Occurrences: 9256
        * Examples
          * razed: [ɹ eː z ɖ]
          * riker: [ɹ aj k ə]
          * prix: [p ɹ iː]
          * kerry: [c ɛ ɹ i]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * other
      * j
        * Occurrences: 477
        * Examples
          * utah: [j ʉː ʈ aː]
          * yeah: [j ɛː]
          * yahoo: [j ɑː h ʉː]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
* - {manner}`Tap`
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * other
      * ɾ
        * Occurrences: 3791
        * Examples
          * cater: [c eː ʈ ə ɾ]
          * rib: [ɾ ɪ b]
          * grass: [ɡ ɾ ɑː s]
          * roads: [ɾ oː ɖ dʒ]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
* - {manner}`Lateral`
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * other
      * l
        * Occurrences: 8531
        * Examples
          * loose: [l ʉː s]
          * pilot: [p aj l ə ʈ]
          * slavs: [s l a ʋ z]
          * cello: [s ɛ l oː]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * other
      * ʎ
        * Occurrences: 3064
        * Examples
          * liang: [ʎ i ɑː ŋ]
          * leroy: [ʎ iː ɹ ɔj]
          * liver: [ʎ ɪ ʋ ə ɾ]
          * belly: [b ɛ ʎ i]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
``````


### Vowels

Vowel symbols to the left of {fas}`circle;ipa-dot` are unrounded and those to the right are rounded.

``````{list-table}
:header-rows: 1
:stub-columns: 1
:class: vowel_chart table-striped table-bordered

* -
  - Front
  - Near-Front
  - Central
  - Near-Back
  - Back
* - Close
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * unrounded
      * i
        * Occurrences: 4474
        * Examples
          * dairy: [ɖ ɛː ɾ i]
          * percy: [p ɜː s i]
          * ready: [ɾ ɛ ɖ i]
          * paley: [p a ʎ i]
      * iː
        * Occurrences: 2968
        * Examples
          * these: [d̪ iː dʒ]
          * tree: [tʃ ɹ iː]
          * seal: [s iː l]
          * media: [mʲ iː ɖ ɪ ə]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * rounded
      * ʉ
        * Occurrences: 285
        * Examples
          * ruby: [ɾ ʉ bʲ i]
          * rome: [ɹ ʉ m]
          * dumas: [ɖ ʉ m ə z]
          * duet: [ɖ ʉ ɪ ʈ]
      * ʉː
        * Occurrences: 2045
        * Examples
          * tool: [ʈ ʉː l]
          * cuban: [c ʉː b ə n]
          * jesu: [dʒ iː z ʉː]
          * debut: [ɖ eː bʲ ʉː]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
* -
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * unrounded
      * ɪ
        * Occurrences: 17531
        * Examples
          * tying: [ʈ aj ɪ ŋ]
          * mixed: [mʲ ɪ k s ʈ]
          * intra: [ɪ n ʈ ɹ ə]
          * pinch: [p ɪ n tʃ]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * rounded
      * ʊ
        * Occurrences: 1045
        * Examples
          * pull: [p ʊ l]
          * room: [ɹ ʊ m]
          * goal: [ɡ ɒ ʊ l]
          * goods: [ɡ ʊ ɖ z]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
* - Close-Mid
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * unrounded
      * e
        * Occurrences: 0
        * Examples
      * eː
        * Occurrences: 4168
        * Examples
          * place: [p l eː s]
          * elena: [ɛ l eː n ə]
          * veins: [ʋ eː n z]
          * lane: [l eː n]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * rounded
      * o
        * Occurrences: 0
        * Examples
      * oː
        * Occurrences: 3091
        * Examples
          * sonia: [s oː ɲ i ə]
          * homes: [h oː m dʒ]
          * bozo: [b oː z oː]
          * prove: [p ɹ oː ʋ]
    ```
* -
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * unrounded
      * ə
        * Occurrences: 24031
        * Examples
          * frege: [f ɹ ɛ ɡ ə]
          * giant: [dʒ aj ə n ʈ]
          * priam: [p ɹ aj ə m]
          * ebony: [ɛ b ə ɲ i]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
* - Open-Mid
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * unrounded
      * ɛ
        * Occurrences: 6331
        * Examples
          * adele: [ə ɖ ɛ l]
          * upset: [ə p s ɛ ʈ]
          * helen: [h ɛ l ə n]
          * edith: [ɛ ɖ ɪ t̪]
      * ɛː
        * Occurrences: 476
        * Examples
          * flair: [f l ɛː]
          * bears: [b ɛː z]
          * fares: [f ɛː z]
          * wear: [ʋ ɛː]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * unrounded
      * ɜ
        * Occurrences: 49
        * Examples
          * bury: [b ɜ ɹ i]
          * murr: [m ɜ]
          * herzl: [h ɜ ʈ s ə l]
      * ɜː
        * Occurrences: 1233
        * Examples
          * kern: [k ɜː n]
          * firth: [f ɜː t̪]
          * third: [t̪ ɜː ɖ]
          * burt: [b ɜː]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
* -
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
* - Open
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * unrounded
      * a
        * Occurrences: 5574
        * Examples
          * matic: [m a ʈʲ ɪ k]
          * nano: [n a n oː]
          * cabot: [k a b ə ʈ]
          * tasks: [ʈ a s k s]
      * aː
        * Occurrences: 562
        * Examples
          * party: [p aː ʈʲ i]
          * wall: [ʋ aː l]
          * larva: [l aː ʋ ə]
          * sudan: [s ʉː ɖ aː n]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * unrounded
      * ɑ
        * Occurrences: 150
        * Examples
          * han: [h ɑ n]
          * klan: [k l ɑ n]
          * vans: [ʋ ɑ n z]
          * not: [n ɑ]
      * ɑː
        * Occurrences: 1988
        * Examples
          * star: [s ʈ ɑː]
          * arc: [ɑː k]
          * arms: [ɑː m dʒ]
          * radha: [ɹ ɑː ɖ ə]
    * rounded
      * ɒ
        * Occurrences: 3523
        * Examples
          * drop: [ɖ ɾ ɒ p]
          * quan: [kʷ ɒ n]
          * blocs: [b l ɒ k s]
          * walsh: [ʋ ɒ l ʃ]
      * ɒː
        * Occurrences: 2142
        * Examples
          * hawks: [h ɒː k s]
          * jorge: [dʒ ɒː dʒ]
          * maud: [m ɒː ɖ]
          * orson: [ɒː s ə n]
    ```
``````


#### Diphthongs

* {ipa_inline}`aj`
* {ipa_inline}`aw`
* {ipa_inline}`ɔj`